![]() "Neonatal exposure to sevoflurane induces abnormal social behaviors and deficits in fear conditioning in mice". CG112 Sedation in children and young people: NICE guideline. References: Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes After Early Exposure to Anesthesia and Surgery Randall P. More studies are definitely needed to elaborate on the possible neuro-degenerative side- effects with the modern anaesthetic agents in use today. To summarise, we would like to point out that modern anaesthetic agents combined with good pre-medication are clinically different from the choice of available anaesthetic agents 35 years ago. In one, the researchers showed exposure of infant mice to inhaled sevoflurane resulted in learning deficits and abnormal social behaviour. This activity is, as the authors point out in the case of halothane, thought to occur via blockade of NMDA receptors or hyperactivity of GABA neurotransmission. ![]() Sevoflurane has also been implicated in neuronal degeneration in infant mice. The incidence of halothane hepatitis is also noted to be higher after repeated/multiple exposures. The solubility of halothane in tissues is also much higher, so recovery after anaesthesia is delayed. 3% of the absorbed sevoflurane dose is metabolised. Compared to sevoflurane: By hepatic cytochrome P450IIEI to yield hexafluoroisopropanol, which is further conjugated to its glucoronide. ![]() Halothane: 20% metabolism: 20% of dose is metabolised in the liver (oxidation/dehalogenation to yield trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoroacetylethanolamide, chlorobromidifluorethylene, and chloride and bromide radicals. The new induction agents currently in use today (Oxygen, sevoflurane) are much less metabolized than halothane. We would like to point out that the anaesthetic agents in use during the referenced time used for the purpose of this study (1976-1982) was a period of rapid advances in the field of Anaesthesia and Critical Care. They point out the epidemiologically significant increase in the development of learning difficulties and speech/language impairment associated with multiple exposures to anaesthetic agents in early childhood as a possible risk factor among matched cohorts. We have the privilege to point others towards this life- a better way to live.We read with interest the well written article of Dr Flick et al on Cognitive and behavioral outcomes after early exposure to Anaesthesia and surgery. And yet, the focus of Christianity is not on dying, but on living. How powerful this is- that we share in the death and the resurrection of Christ. New friends, if I might leave you with these words of the Apostle Paul “I have been crucified with Christ and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me” (Galatians 2:20). She also loves being at church! We enjoy spending time outdoors with her, going camping, and spending quiet evenings on our back porch around the firepit. One we had to put down because of cancer, and now we have Bella, our beautiful rescue! She is a bundle of joy and energy. ![]() We have been blessed with two beautiful dogs to care for. He is a teacher and has a gift for working with wayward teens. Moving on to a little bit about my family. I am currently enrolled at the West Virginia UMC Extension School pursuing seminary classes via Course of Study Program. I finished my Bachelor’s degree at York College of PA, and then moved on to graduate school earning a Master’s degree in Organizational Development & Leadership from Shippensburg University, and then a Master’s degree in Low Vision Rehabilitation from Salus University. ![]() I met my (now) husband, Brian, at The Indiana University of PA. We ended up moving to this side of the state after he graduated college. Email: was born and raised in western Pennsylvania- Indiana County. ![]()
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